Article review.

The concept of creativity: Prospects and Paradigms.

At an individual level, creativity is relevant, for example, when one is solving problems on the job and in daily life.
At a societal level, creativity can lead to new scientific findings, new movements in art, new inventions, and new social programs.

The first major twentieth-century theoretical approach: Creativity arises from tension between conscious reality and unconscious drives.

Freud: Proposed that writers and artists produce creative work as a way to express their unconscious wishes (power, riches, fame, honor or love) in a publicly acceptable fashion.

The psychoanalytic approach introduced:
Adaptive regression: The primary process refers to the intrusion of unmodulated thoughts in consciousness (occur during active problem solving, often during sleep, intoxication from drugs, fantasies or daydreams, or psychoses.
Elaboration: The secondary process refers to the reworking and transformation of primary process material through reality-oriented, ego-controlled thinking.

Kubie: The preconscious, which falls between conscious reality and the encrypted unconscious, is the true source of creativity because thoughts are loose and vague but interpretable. That unconscious conflicts actually have a negative effect on creativity because they lead to fixated, repetitive thoughts.